Background: Non-communicable diseases are the main causes of mortality and morbidity. Metabolic age (MA) explains overall fitness, and if it is higher than chronological age (CA), it is necessary to improve general health. The PHASE ANGLE (PA) is a direct measurement of the cell membranes and is a remarkable window to describe how the body responds to changes in health status. Objectives: The aim of this study is to estimate the health status of the sample population. Methods: A total of 445 healthy individuals participated, who were selected through convenience sampling from a health promotion clinic in a general hospital in Tehran. A body composition analyzer was applied using bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). We used SPSS version 25 to describe statistics. The bivariate Pearson Correlation, R, measured linear relationships between pairs of age, MA, and PA. A linear regression method for predicting MA and PA was related to the dependent variables, age and MA, respectively. A P-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: 59.3% of participants were female, and 40.7% were male. There was no significant difference between the mean age and MA of men and women (P > 0.05). There was a significant difference between PA in men and women (P < 0.05). There was a strong correlation between increasing age and MA in Iranians, indicating their unhealthy lifestyle. Conclusions: The PA is a prognostic marker in several health conditions. Based on the new technology, clinicians can look for changes in health status with healthy lifestyle interventions, prevention, and health promotion in public and private clinical settings.

Endothelial cells are subjected to cyclic shear by pulsatile blood flow and pressures due to circumferential stresses. Althoughmost of the researches on this topic have considered the effects of these two biomechanical forces separately or concurrently, few studies have noticed the interaction of these cyclic loadings on endothelial behavior. Negative temporal stressPHASE ANGLE, defined by the PHASE lag between cyclic shear and tensile stresses, is an established parameter which is knownto have substantial effects on blood vessel remodeling and progression of some serious cardiovascular diseases. In thisresearch, intermittent shear and tensile stresses with different stress PHASE ANGLE values were applied on human adipose stemcells (ASC). The expression level of three major endothelial-specific genes, elastic modulus of cells and cytoskeleton actinstructure of cells were studied and compared among control and three test groups subjected to stress PHASE ANGLE values at0° , − 45° , and − 90° . Mechanical properties of ASCs were determined by atomic force microscopy and actin fiber structurewas visualized by confocal imaging through Phalloidin staining. Results described a decrease in expression of FLK-1 andVE-cadherin and rise of vWF marker expression in case of higher negative stress PHASE ANGLEs. The Young’ s moduli ofcells were significantly higher and cytoskeletal actin structure was more organized with higher thickness for all test samplessubjected to combined stresses; however, these features were less magnificent for applied stress PHASE ANGLEs with highernegative values. The results confirmed significant effects of SPA on endothelial differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells.

One of the important factors that are always discussed in the study of power systems is the issue of power system stability. In this paper, the load ANGLE control of a three-PHASE synchronous steam power plant generator is presented by overcoming the load ANGLE fluctuations in both transient and permanent system conditions and expanding the range of stable generator performance. First, the equations of the linear state space of the steam power plant around the operating point are extracted. Then, based on Hankel single values, the model is approximated to the 6th order and based on that, a proportional, derivative, and integral controller for the load ANGLE is presented. Then, using the arithmetic optimization algorithm, the controller coefficients are adjusted with two approaches reducing the settling time and reducing the overshoot of the step response. The stability of the proposed controller output power was also used using the stability criteria Bode and Nyquist was examined. The simulation results show that the arithmetic optimization algorithm has a better performance in controlling the load ANGLE of the three-PHASE synchronous generator than the fuzzy controller and genetic and harris hawks algorithms. For example, in comparison with the genetic algorithm, the output power has good stability, and the rise time, settling time and the amount of overshoot in the step response of the proposed algorithm is reduced by 82.97, 82, and 40.18%, respectively.

A two-PHASE closed thermosyphon is a gravity assisted wickless heat pipe. The condenser section is located above the evaporator, so that condensat is returned by gravity. In this project a two PHASE closed thermosyphon was designed and manufactured. An experimental investigation was performed in order to observe the effect of the inclination ANGLE on the transport behaviour of a closed thermosyphon was performed in order to observe the effect of the inclination ANGLE on the was used; this was electrically heated at the lower part ("heating zone") and it was cooled by air along the upper part ("cooling zone"). Between these two aneas there was the well insulated "Transport zone". As working fluid water was used the heating zone was always flooded. The electric heat input and the inclination ANGLE F toward the vertical position were varied in steps. The maximum heat flow rate in the tube proved tobe dependent upon the inclination. With a largest value of Qmax=23w at 70-90 degree. An effective thermal conductivity keff of the thermosyphon can be determined depending strongly on inclination and heat flow rate so the steeper the tube value the larger the heat flow rate the higher is the effective conductivity. The condensations in the cooling zone exhibits the largest transport resistance. The heat transfer with boiling in the heating zone shows large local differences which depends on inclination.

In the last decades, microgrids have been developed for the techno-economic management of distributed generation (DG) penetration in distribution networks. Providing a primary secure and dependable protection scheme for AC microgrids is a challenging task due to the use of a variety of DG technologies. In this paper, a new independent protection scheme using current synchrophasor measurements obtained from microgrid buses is presented to detect the different kind of internal and external faults in different location. The performance of the proposed protection scheme is evaluated under different operating conditions of the microgrid (in the grid connected and islanded mode) by entering and disconnecting the DGs and changing their penetration level.  In this regards, a novel index based on differential PHASE ANGLE of fault component current obtained from both ends measurements of microgrid buses is proposed to distinguish the fault condition from no-fault situations. The proposed protection index is tested on standard 15-bus microgrid considering high resistance faults and variation in DG penetration in the grid connected and islanded mode. The obtained results indicate the capability and superiority of the proposed approach in reliable microgrid protection

Background: Aortic stiffness is an independent predictor of cardiovascular events which is increased in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). It can be measured by carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV). PHASE ANGLE (PhA) is lower in patients with cardiovascular disease and may be informative in assessing the clinical course of RA. Materials and Methods: In this observational and cross-sectional study, all RA patients referred to the Imam Khomeini Hospital rheumatology clinic between September 2022 and March 2023 were included in the study. RA activity was assessed using the DAS28 criteria. In the patients, PhA and cfPWV were measured using Inbody-s10 and PulsePen tonometer instruments. The relationships between PhA, cfPWV, clinical course of RA, and CRP were evaluated using regression analysis. Results: 53 patients were included in the study (83% female, mean age 46. 5 years). Significant inverse relationships existed between PhA, CRP, and age (P value = 0. 003, 0. 0001, R: 0. 69, respectively). People with aortic stiffness had a lower mean PhA (P value = 0. 05). In patients with RA duration of less than 10 years, the cfPWV percentile and the prevalence of rheumatoid factor (RF) and anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (anti-CCP) positive cases were higher than in patients with RA duration >10 years (P values = 0. 02, 0. 01, respectively). Conclusions: With increasing duration of RA, aortic stiffness and positive serology cases decreased. PhA and cfPWV may be useful in assessing the clinical course of RA to prevent cardiovascular events.